ABO Advanced Opticianry Cheat Sheet

Cheat sheet ABO Advanced Opticianry Cheat Sheet Practice Questions Study Guide Print / Save PDF

Optics 30% of exam Refraction + Rx Prism + decentration Lens materials Vertex/tilt Formulas

Ocular Anatomy + Refraction 33% of exam Anatomy Pathology Refractive errors Binocular vision Accommodation

Ophthalmic Products 10% of exam Frames Coatings Photochromic Safety eyewear Low vision

Instrumentation 9% of exam Lensometer Lens clock Distometer Pupilometer Digital/3D

Dispensary Protocols 10% of exam PD/OC Frame fitting Adjustment Troubleshooting SOAP

Laws + Regulations 8% of exam ANSI Z80.1 ANSI Z87.1 FDA impact FTC Eyeglass State licensure

Quick Facts Exam ABO-AC Credential ABOC-AC Time 180 min Pass Modified Angoff Questions 125 MCQ Fee $275 Blueprint July 2026

Lens Material Index OP CR-39=1.50 | Poly=1.586 | 1.74=thinnest CR-39: 1.50 Poly: 1.586 Trivex: 1.53 1.74: thinnest

CR-39 vs Polycarbonate OP

CR-39 Cheapest plastic Abbe 58 (clear) Brittle/impacts

Polycarbonate Impact resistant Abbe 30 (CA) Thinner/lighter Clarity vs safety

Lens Material Picker OP High minus Rx → High-index 1.74 ( Thinnest edge ) Children/safety → Polycarbonate ( Impact resistant ) Rimless drill → Trivex ( Will not crack ) Budget/low Rx → CR-39 ( Optical clarity ) High astigmatism → High-index 1.67 ( Better optics ) Safety eyewear → Poly/Trivex ( ANSI Z87.1 ) AR pairing → Glass/high-index ( High Abbe )

Prentice's Rule OP Prism = decentration(cm) x power(D) c = cm F = diopters Delta = c x F

Polycarbonate vs Trivex OP

Polycarbonate n=1.586 thinner Abbe 30 (CA) Softer/scratches

Trivex n=1.53 Abbe 43 (clearer) Lightest/impact Thin vs clarity

Ophthalmic Formulas OP Prentice's Rule Prism = c x F Vertex distance Compensate >4D Martin's tilt Tilt changes power Sagittal depth Surface sag formula Focal length f = 1/F (m) Surface power F = (n-1)/r Spectacle magnification Power x shape

Abbe Values (higher=clearer) OP Glass 59 | CR-39 58 | Trivex 43 | Poly 30 Glass: 59 CR-39: 58 Trivex: 43 Poly: 30

High-Index vs Polycarbonate OP

High-index 1.74 Thinnest minus Abbe 33 (some CA) Costs more

Polycarbonate Impact resistant Thicker edge Abbe 30 (more CA) Thin vs safety

Prism + Decentration OP Base direction Thickest edge Split prism Split between eyes Compounded prism Two prisms combined Resolved prism Horizontal + vertical Induced prism Decentering off-OC Prism diopter 1cm dev at 1m Slab-off BU minus; reverse BD plus

Lens Design OP Aspheric Flattened periphery Atoric Aspheric cyl too Progressive Continuous add corridor Slab-off Vertical imbalance fix FT bifocal Flat-top 28 Trifocal Intermediate + near Tscherning's ellipse Base curve range

Ocular Anatomy OC Cornea Clear front window Crystalline lens Accommodation Retina Image capture Fovea Sharpest vision Iris/pupil Light control Ciliary body Aqueous + focus Extraocular muscles Six EOMs Cranial nerves II, III, IV, VI

Refractive Errors OC Myopia Eye too long Hyperopia Eye too short Astigmatism Corneal curve uneven Presbyopia Lens hardens (age) Anisometropia Unequal Rx eyes Aniseikonia Image size differs

Ocular Pathology OC Cataracts Lens opacifies Glaucoma Optic nerve damage, often high IOP Keratoconus Cornea thins/cones Diabetic retinopathy Retinal vessel leak AMD Macula degenerates Strabismus Eye misalignment Homonymous hemianopia Visual field loss

Glass vs Plastic OP

Glass Abbe 59 (no CA) Heavier Shatters (unsafe)

Plastic CR-39 Lighter Abbe 58 Needs coating Optics vs safety/weight

Progressive Design Picker OP First-time wearer → Soft design ( Less swim ) Experienced/active → Hard design ( Wider channels ) Computer/office → Office progressive ( Wider intermediate ) Short fitting height → Short-corridor ( 14 mm min ) Wrap frame → Free-form compensated ( Position of wear ) Anisometropia → Slab-off progressive ( Vertical balance )

Frames + Coatings OP AR coating Destructive interference Photochromic UV darkens lens Polarized Blocks reflected glare Tints Absorbs specific light Titanium Light/hypoallergenic Rimless Drilled mount Safety eyewear ANSI Z87.1 Low vision aids Magnifiers/CCTV

Lensometer vs Lens Clock IN

Lensometer Back vertex power Verifies Rx Locates OC/prism

Lens clock Surface curvature Calculates sag No power read Power vs curvature

Instruments IN Lensometer Measures lens power Lens clock Surface curvature Distometer Vertex distance Pupilometer PD measurement Keratometer Corneal curvature Digital/3D Auto-measure system

Complaint Troubleshooter DI Blur at distance → Check OC/tilt ( Tilt induces power ) Reading blur → Verify add/near PD ( Segment height ) Swim/dizziness → Reduce pantoscopic ( Or change design ) Temples pinch → Adjust temple bend ( Behind ears ) Glasses slip → Adjust nose pads ( Or temple length ) Edge thickness → Re-select material ( Higher index )

Dispensing Protocols DI PD Pupillary distance OC height Optical center height Pantoscopic tilt Lens forward tilt Wrap compensation Curved frame Rx Frame adjustment Temple/bridge fit SOAP Subj/Obj/Assess/Plan Minimum blank size Smallest lens cut

Basic vs Advanced ABO LA

Basic ABO NOCE Entry-level 2 hr exam Dispensing focus

Advanced ABOC-AC 3 yr certified or degree 3 hr exam Complex optics/path Entry vs mastery

Standards + Regulations LA ANSI Z80.1 Rx ophthalmic tolerances ANSI Z87.1 Safety eyewear standard FDA impact Drop-ball resistance FTC Eyeglass Rule Rx release required State licensure Varies by state Universal precautions Infection control

FTC vs FDA Rules LA

FTC Eyeglass Rule Rx release required Signed receipt kept 3 yrs Patient copy right

FDA impact Drop-ball test Impact resistance Eyewear safety Prescription vs safety

Common Traps

Vertex distance Plus closer = weaker ≠ Minus closer = stronger

Prism direction Base = thickest edge ≠ Plus prism: toward OC

Slab-off direction Bicentric: BU, more minus lens ≠ Reverse slab: BD, more plus

Abbe vs index High index = low Abbe ≠ Low Abbe = CA

Photochromic vs polarized Photochromic = UV-activated ≠ Polarized = glare filter

PD monocular vs binocular Mono = each eye ≠ Binoc = total

ANSI vs exact Tolerance bands apply ≠ Not exact match

Last Minute 1 . Six content domains, unequally weighted 2 . 125 Q | 3 hr | $275 3 . Pass = Modified Angoff 4 . Prentice: Delta = c x F 5 . Vertex: compensate >4D 6 . Slab-off: BU minus, reverse BD plus 7 . ANSI Z80.1 = Rx; Z87.1 = safety 8 . FDA = impact; FTC = Rx release 9 . AR = destructive interference 10 . Poly = impact; 1.74 = thinnest 11 . Abbe high = clearer; low = CA 12 . Pantoscopic tilt induces power

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