Cheat sheet
VicRoads Heavy Rigid KT4 Cheat Sheet
General Road Rules
- Not published of exam
- Speed Limits BAC Zero Parking Seatbelts Rail Crossings Cyclists
HV Rules Signs Dimensions
- Not published of exam
- GVM Axle Mass Dimension Limits HV Signs Access CoR Weighbridge
Inspections Roadworthiness
- Not published of exam
- Pre-trip Checks Cabin Drill Tyres Brakes Engine Oil Defects
Control Braking Gears
- Not published of exam
- Stopping Distance Brake Fade Air Brakes Off-tracking Rollover Double-clutch
Load Fatigue Coupling
- Not published of exam
- Tie-down Friction Overhang Limits Work Diary Standard Hours BFM Hours Glad-hands
Quick Facts
- Exam KT4
- Questions Not published
- Pass Not published
- BAC 0.00 >4.5t GVM
- Speed cap 100 km/h
- Work diary >100 km from base
- Triangles 3 at >12t GVM
- Restraint 0.8 fwd, 0.5 side/rear
Triangle Placement RO
- 3 triangles: 200-250m at 80+
- 200-250m: 80+ zone 50-150m: under 80 Behind, front, side
Rigid vs Articulated RO
Rigid
- No pivot joint
- Includes load body
- HR MR LR
Articulated
- Pivot joint
- Prime mover + trailer
- HC MC
- Joint vs no joint
Warning Triangle Placement RO
- >12t GVM stopped → 3 triangles ( mandatory )
- Road 80+ km/h → 200-250 m ( front, back, side )
- Road <80 km/h → 50-150 m ( front, back, side )
- One-way or divided → 2 behind ( painted median: not divided )
- Not visible 300m → Deploy all ( 80+ zone )
- Not visible 200m → Deploy all ( <80 zone )
Speed and BAC RO
- Speed cap 100 km/h max
- BAC heavy 0.00 >4.5t GVM
- Built-up default 50 km/h no sign
- Non-pneumatic 25 km/h max
- Local zone 40 km/h signed
- Zero BAC since 1 Apr 2021
Parking Rail Cyclists RO
- Park limit 1 hr built-up
- Park trigger >4.5t or 7.5m
- Rail bus stop 3-12 m from rail
- Cyclist pass 60- 1.0 m clearance
- Cyclist pass 60+ 1.5 m clearance
- Seatbelts All occupants
Dimension Limits HV
- 4.3 H / 2.5 W / 12.5 L rigid
- Height: 4.3m max Width: 2.5m (SFV 2.55m) Length: 12.5m rigid
Tie-down vs Direct Restraint HV
Tie-down
- Friction-based
- Needs clamping force
- 0.2W vertical applies
Direct
- Attached blocked
- No friction reliance
- 2x weight forward
- Friction vs attachment
Mass Limits HV
- GVM Max loaded mass
- GCM Vehicle plus trailer
- Steer axle 6.0t GML
- Single axle dual 9.0t GML
- Truck and dog 43.5t (44t complying steer)
- Tare Empty weight
Dimension Limits HV
- Height 4.3m max
- Width 2.5m (SFV 2.55m)
- Rigid length 12.5m max
- Front projection 1.2m max
- Rear overhang 3.7m or 60%
- Side projection 150mm max
Signs and Access HV
- Load limit GVM or axle group
- No Trucks Trucks over 4.5t GVM
- Low clearance Sign height or higher: no
- Oversize route Permit required
- Amber flashers Slow large vehicle
- Stopped at night 2.2m+ wide: clearance lights
Pre-trip Checks IN
- Cabin drill Seat mirrors controls
- Park brake test Holds on slope
- Tyre defect Cut or bulge
- Oil check Cool level ground
- Air pressure Manufacturer setting first
- Timing Each trip or shift
Air vs Air-over-hydraulic CO
Air brakes
- Compressed air
- Fail-safe spring
- Gauge green zone
Air-over-hydraulic
- Air actuates hydraulic
- Lighter vehicles
- Combined system
- Air vs air-assist
Braking and Gears CO
- Brake fade Heat from overuse
- Descent Low gear before
- Double-clutch Non-synchro gearbox
- Air brake delay Up to 1 second
- Stopping distance Mass = longer
- Cut-in Rear takes shorter path
Standard Hours Windows LO
- 5.25 / 7.5 / 10 / 12 hours work
- 5.25h in 5.5h + 15min 7.5h in 8h + 30min 10h in 11h + 60min 12h in 24h + 7h rest
Standard vs BFM Hours LO
Standard
- 12h work per 24h
- 7h stationary rest
- No accreditation
BFM
- 14h work per 24h
- Existing accreditations only
- Always work diary
- 12h vs 14h max
Work Diary Required LO
- 100km+ from base → Work diary ( mandatory )
- Within 100km → Local area record ( to record keeper )
- BFM or ACH → Always diary ( any distance )
- AFM accredited → Always diary ( any distance )
- Unplanned 100km → From midnight ( that day )
Load Restraint LO
- Tie-down Friction clamp
- Upward force 0.2g if friction
- Forward force 0.8g (80%)
- Side/rear force 0.5g (50%)
- Dunnage Boosts friction
- Rear flag >1.2m projection
Restraint Forces LO
- 0.8 forward / 0.5 side / 0.2 up
- Forward: 0.8g (80%) Side: 0.5g (50%) Up: 0.2g friction only
Red vs Blue Glad-hand LO
Red
- Supply line
- Emergency air
- Match colours
Blue
- Control line
- Service signal
- Never cross lines
- Supply vs control
Load Restraint Method LO
- Friction-based → Tie-down ( 0.2g upward too )
- Attached direct → Direct restraint ( no 0.2W )
- Blocked contained → Containment ( no 0.2W )
- Low friction deck → More lashings ( or dunnage )
- Rear projects >1.2m → Flag + red light ( night )
- Overhang over limit → Permit ( 3.7m or 60% WB )
Fatigue Work Diary LO
- Standard 24h 12h work max
- Standard rest 7h stationary min
- BFM 24h 14h (existing only)
- 5.5h window 5.25h + 15min rest
- Work diary 100km+ from base
- WWD work Round up 15 min
- Carry records 28 days
Work vs Rest Time LO
Work time
- Driving loading unloading
- WWD: round up 15 min
- Max limits apply
Rest time
- Stationary off-duty
- WWD: round down 15 min
- Min limits apply
- Max vs min counting
Coupling Combination LO
- Red glad-hand Supply line
- Blue glad-hand Control line
- Roll-away test Confirm locked
- Uncouple first Apply park brake
- HC threshold Trailer >9t GVM
- Two-up Two drivers share
Common Traps
BAC for heavy vehicle
- 0.00 for >4.5t GVM ≠ Not 0.05
Speed cap vs posted sign
- 100 km/h heavy vehicle max ≠ Even on 110 roads
Work vs rest rounding
- WWD: work rounds up ≠ WWD: rest rounds down
Upward force standard
- 0.2g if relying on friction ≠ Headboard alone not exempt
Glad-hand reversal
- Red = supply ≠ Blue = control service
Rear overhang thresholds
- Over 1.2m = flag ≠ Lesser of 3.7m or 60%
Work diary distance
- 100km+ from base ≠ Local: local area record
Last Minute
- 1. BAC: 0.00 for >4.5t
- 2. Speed cap: 100 km/h
- 3. Triangles: 3 at >12t
- 4. Work diary: >100 km
- 5. Height: 4.3m max
- 6. Width: 2.5m (SFV 2.55m)
- 7. Rigid length: 12.5m
- 8. Truck and dog GML: 43.5t (most)
- 9. Steer axle: 6.0t
- 10. Single axle dual: 9.0t
- 11. Standard: 12h work 7h rest
- 12. BFM: 14h (existing only)
- 13. Upward 0.2g if friction
- 14. Red glad-hand: supply line
- 15. WWD work rounds up 15 min
- 16. Front projection: 1.2m max
- 17. Rear overhang: 3.7m or 60%
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