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BC AST Restraint Endorsement Cheat Sheet

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Legal Authority

  • Not published of exam
  • AST Pathway Arrest Authority Force Limits Registrar Authorization

Continuous Assessment

  • Not published of exam
  • Assess Plan Act Subject Behaviour Situational Factors Response Review

Communication + De-escalation

  • Not published of exam
  • Active Listening Tactical Communication Crisis Recognition Disengagement

Restraint + Medical Safety

  • Not published of exam
  • Restraint Checks Positioning Medical Monitoring Safety Search

Reporting + Accountability

  • Not published of exam
  • Use-of-Force Record Objective Notes Police Handover Stress Resilience

Quick Facts

  • Program JIBC AST
  • Purpose Restraint endorsement
  • Course 24 hours
  • Success 75% minimum
  • Assessment Theory understanding
  • Renewal Every 3 years
  • Authorization Registrar required
  • Approved device Metal chain-link handcuffs
  • Domain weights Not published

Training vs Authorization LE

AST completion

  • Training qualification
  • Minimum 75%
  • Application proof

Registrar authorization

  • Licence condition
  • Carry authority
  • Three-year expiry
  • Pass course then seek authorization

Lawful Intervention Scan LE

  • Authority uncertain → Observe and report ( Avoid detention )
  • Lawful arrest exists → State arrest reason ( Use minimum control )
  • Force considered → Check necessity ( Lawful purpose first )
  • Threat decreases → Reduce response ( No punishment )
  • Citizen arrest made → Call police ( Deliver forthwith )
  • Medical distress appears → Prioritize care ( Request EMS )

AST Pathway LE

  • AST Advanced Security Training
  • Course length 24 hours
  • Successful completion Minimum 75%
  • Assessment Evaluates theory understanding
  • Renewal Every three years
  • Training provider JIBC-approved instructor
  • Course tuition Ask approved instructor

Arrest vs Punishment LE

Lawful arrest

  • Legal authority
  • Safety purpose
  • Police delivery

Punishment

  • No legal purpose
  • Retaliatory force
  • Never authorized
  • Control never retaliation

Registrar Authorization LE

  • Course completion Training requirement
  • Carrying authority Registrar authorization
  • Eligible licence type Security guard
  • Application proof Most recent training
  • Training recency Within one year
  • Approved restraint Metal chain-link handcuffs
  • Other control devices Generally prohibited

Reasonable Force vs Excess LE

Reasonable force

  • Lawful purpose
  • Necessary amount
  • Stops with threat

Excess force

  • Beyond necessity
  • Continues after control
  • Creates liability
  • Need ends force ends

Arrest Authority LE

  • Criminal Code 494 Citizen arrest authority
  • Finds committing Direct offence observation
  • Property agent Owner-authorized person
  • Property offence On or relating property
  • Delayed property arrest Reasonable time conditions
  • After citizen arrest Deliver police forthwith
  • Punishment Never an arrest purpose

Force Limits LE

  • Section 25 Necessary force protection
  • Section 26 Excess creates responsibility
  • Section 34 Defence of person
  • Section 35 Defence of property
  • Lawful purpose Required before force
  • Threat ends Force must reduce
  • Core test Lawful necessary reasonable

APA Loop CO

  • Assess, Plan, Act, then reassess
  • Assess: totality Plan: lawful option Act: controlled response

Continuous Response Scan CO

  • Subject cooperative → Clear communication
  • Passive refusal → Time and dialogue
  • Active resistance → Reassess lawful options
  • Assaultive behaviour → Protect and disengage
  • Weapon indicators → Distance and police
  • Conditions change → Assess Plan Act

Assess Plan Act CO

  • Assess Observe total situation
  • Plan Choose lawful response
  • Act Apply then reassess
  • Framework Decision aid only
  • Model shape Dynamic not linear
  • Situational factors Modify every decision
  • Perception factors Affect judgment

Subject Behaviour CO

  • Cooperative Follows lawful direction
  • Passive resistance Refusal without physical action
  • Active resistance Non-assaultive physical resistance
  • Assaultive Attempts physical harm
  • Grievous harm threat Serious injury or death
  • Behaviour changes Response must change
  • Verbal refusal Not automatically assaultive

LEAPS Listening DE

  • Listen, Empathize, Ask, Paraphrase, Summarize
  • Listen fully Empathize emotion Ask clearly Paraphrase meaning Summarize agreement

De-escalate vs Disengage DE

De-escalate

  • Dialogue remains safe
  • Create voluntary compliance
  • Use calm clarity

Disengage

  • Immediate danger
  • Create safe distance
  • Call police
  • Safety decides communication window

Active Listening DE

  • Listen Stop rehearsing replies
  • Empathize Acknowledge emotion
  • Ask Use clarifying questions
  • Paraphrase Restate core message
  • Summarize Confirm shared understanding
  • Tone Calm clear respectful
  • False promises Damage trust

Crisis Recognition DE

  • Cognitive inability Cannot process directions
  • Intentional refusal Chooses non-compliance
  • Simple directions Reduce cognitive load
  • Time and distance Create safer options
  • Weapon cue Disengage call police
  • Severe agitation Possible medical crisis
  • Medical concern Request emergency help

ABC Monitoring RE

  • Airway, Breathing, Consciousness never stop
  • Airway open Breathing adequate Consciousness monitored

Resistance vs Medical Crisis RE

Resistance

  • Behaviour assessment
  • Lawful response only
  • Reassess continuously

Medical crisis

  • Breathing changes
  • Sudden quiet
  • Emergency care
  • Medical signs override control goals

Post-Restraint Safety Scan RE

  • Cuffs applied → Check then double-lock
  • Subject prone → Reposition promptly
  • Breathing complaint → Treat seriously
  • Consciousness drops → Activate emergency care
  • Police arrive → Transfer and brief
  • Incident stabilizes → Record force event

Restraint Checks RE

  • Necessity Restraint needs lawful purpose
  • Tightness Check promptly
  • Double lock Prevent further tightening
  • Prone position Reposition promptly
  • Breathing Monitor continuously
  • Circulation Recheck after application
  • Complaint Assess never dismiss

Medical Monitoring RE

  • Airway Keep unobstructed
  • Breathing distress Medical emergency
  • Sudden quiet Possible collapse
  • Cyanosis Emergency warning
  • Loss of consciousness Activate emergency care
  • Chest pressure Avoid restraint compression
  • Ongoing struggle Raises medical risk

Safety Search + Custody RE

  • Search authority Must be lawful
  • Safety purpose Find dangerous items
  • Evidence hunt Not search purpose
  • Subject control Maintain throughout
  • Police transfer Brief relevant facts
  • Property transfer Document custody
  • Medical need Overrides routine search

FACT Report RE

  • Facts, Actions, Conditions, Time
  • Facts observed Actions taken Conditions assessed Time recorded

Fact vs Opinion RE

Fact

  • Observed behaviour
  • Exact words
  • Specific time

Opinion

  • Unsupported label
  • Assumed motive
  • Emotional conclusion
  • Describe do not diagnose

Use-of-Force Record RE

  • Every force event Keep a record
  • SPD0513 Standard report form
  • Business-employed worker Give report manager
  • Automatic Registrar filing Not generally required
  • Subject behaviour Describe observed actions
  • Force rationale Explain lawful purpose
  • Medical aid Record response
  • Witnesses Identify contact details

Objective Notes RE

  • Facts Observable details
  • Opinions Label or omit
  • Chronology Sequence actions clearly
  • Direct quotes Preserve exact words
  • Corrections Keep original legible
  • Timeliness Document promptly
  • Stress effects Can distort memory

Common Traps

Course pass vs carry

  • AST proves training ≠ Registrar grants authorization

Assessment score vs weight

  • 75% completion standard ≠ Domain weights unpublished

Refusal vs assault

  • Verbal refusal may resist ≠ Assault threatens harm

Quiet vs safe

  • Sudden quiet may collapse ≠ Keep medical monitoring

Restraint vs punishment

  • Restraint controls danger ≠ Punishment never authorized

Record vs automatic filing

  • Keep every force report ≠ Registrar filing not automatic

AST renewal vs licence

  • Training requalifies triennially ≠ Licence has separate status

Last Minute

  • 1. AST course = 24 hours
  • 2. Successful completion = 75%
  • 3. Weights = Not published
  • 4. Assessment checks theory understanding
  • 5. Registrar grants restraint authorization
  • 6. Authorization renews every three years
  • 7. Only metal chain-link handcuffs
  • 8. Arrested person goes police forthwith
  • 9. Assess Plan Act continuously
  • 10. Force ends when need ends
  • 11. Reposition; monitor airway and breathing
  • 12. Every force event needs records
  • 13. Facts beat opinions

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