Study guide
The ADCES7 Self-Care Behaviors Framework
CDCES Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist
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1 Introduction & the CDCES Exam
About the CDCES Credential & Current Exam Facts The July 2024 Exam Content Outline & Domain Weights The ADCES7 Self-Care Behaviors Framework
2 Pathophysiology, Classification & Diagnosis
Normal Glucose Regulation and the Pathophysiology of T1DM and T2DM Classification and Diagnostic Criteria Risk Factors and Primary Prevention Treatment Goals and Glycemic Targets
3 Assessment: History, Physical & Data
Health History & Diabetes-Specific Physical Assessment Interpreting Diabetes Measures & Laboratory Data Social Determinants of Health & Psychosocial Wellbeing
4 Assessing Self-Management & Learning
Assessing Self-Management Behaviors & Knowledge Assessing Technology Use, Problem-Solving & Risk-Reduction Behaviors Assessing Learning: Goals, Readiness to Change & Literacy Learning Considerations & Barriers
5 Developing the Education & Care Plan
Developing the Individualized Education/Care Plan Instructional Methods & Person-Centered Teaching Strategies SMART Goals, Behavior-Change Theory & Motivational Interviewing
6 Nutrition Therapy
Nutrition Recommendations & Eating Patterns Carbohydrate Counting & Insulin-Food Timing Fats, Protein, Alcohol & Dietary Supplements Food Labels, Weight Management & Special Nutrition Considerations
7 Physical Activity
Physical Activity Recommendations, Benefits, Challenges & Safety Activity Planning with FITT and Adjusting for Planned & Unplanned Activity
8 Pharmacologic Therapy
Insulin — Types, Pharmacokinetics & Delivery Systems Non-Insulin Glucose-Lowering Agents Guideline-Based Medication Selection Medication Titration & Immunizations for People with Diabetes
9 Monitoring
Glucose Monitoring: SMBG, CGM & Time in Range A1C and Ketone Monitoring Cardiometabolic and Organ System Monitoring
10 Acute Complications
Hypoglycemia Hyperglycemia, DKA, and HHS
11 Chronic Complications
Screening Schedules and Microvascular Disease Macrovascular Disease and Lower-Extremity Foot Care Infections, Dental Disease, Sexual Dysfunction, and Other Comorbidities
12 Special Situations & Populations
Sick-Day Management, Surgery, Travel & Emergency Preparedness Special Populations Across the Lifespan Preconception, Pregnancy, Postpartum & Gestational Diabetes Daily Living, Psychosocial Wellbeing & Safety
13 Evaluation & Documentation
Evaluating Intervention Effectiveness & Outcomes Documentation, Plan Revision & Referral
14 Standards, Guidelines & Professional Practice
National Standards for DSMES and the National DPP Applying Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines Population Health, Health Equity & Advocacy
The ADCES7 Self-Care Behaviors Framework
Key Takeaways Explain This Topic AI
The ADCES7 Self-Care Behaviors, published by the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists, organizes Domain II.C content — the 58-item largest sub-area on the exam.
The seven behaviors are Healthy Coping, Healthy Eating, Being Active, Taking Medication, Monitoring, Reducing Risk, and Problem Solving.
Healthy Coping is positioned at the center of the current framework because it underpins sustained engagement with the other six self-care behaviors.
The framework was previously published as the AADE7 under the association's former name, the American Association of Diabetes Educators; it was renamed ADCES7 when the association became ADCES.
This study guide maps later chapters directly to the ADCES7: nutrition to Healthy Eating, pharmacology to Taking Medication, monitoring content to Monitoring, and complications to Reducing Risk.
Last updated: July 2026
The Cross-Cutting Framework
While the Exam Content Outline organizes the exam itself, the ADCES7 Self-Care Behaviors framework — published by the Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists (ADCES) — organizes the clinical content inside Domain II.C, Person-Centered Education on Self-Care Behaviors, the single largest sub-area on the exam at 58 scored items. Every specialist preparing for the CDCES exam should think of the ADCES7 as the connective tissue linking assessment findings to individualized education plans to specific self-care interventions.
The Seven Behaviors
Behavior What It Covers
Healthy Coping Emotional and psychological adjustment to a diabetes diagnosis; managing diabetes distress, depression, and burnout; building resilience and support systems
Healthy Eating Individualized meal planning, carbohydrate awareness, macro- and micronutrient balance, and integrating food choices with medication timing
Being Active Physical activity recommendations, safety considerations, and adjusting activity plans around glucose patterns and comorbidities
Taking Medication Understanding medication classes and action, correct administration technique (including insulin delivery systems), adherence barriers, and safety
Monitoring Self-monitoring of blood glucose, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), ketone testing, and interpreting and acting on monitoring data
Reducing Risk Preventing and detecting acute and chronic complications through risk-factor management and recommended screenings
Problem Solving Building the skills to manage sick days, unplanned activity, travel, schedule changes, and other real-world disruptions to the diabetes care plan
Why This Framework Matters for the Exam
The ADCES7 is not a separate content area to memorize in isolation — it is the lens through which Domain II.C content is organized and, in practice, through which most exam scenario questions are framed. A question about carbohydrate counting is a Healthy Eating question. A question about insulin pump troubleshooting is a Taking Medication question. A question about recognizing hypoglycemia unawareness touches both Monitoring and Reducing Risk. Recognizing which self-care behavior a scenario is testing helps you apply the correct clinical framework and rule out distractor answers that belong to a different behavior category.
Historically, the framework was published as the AADE7 by the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE), the predecessor name of ADCES; when the association renamed itself, the framework was correspondingly renamed ADCES7 . If you encounter AADE7 in older textbooks, continuing-education materials, or legacy exam-prep resources, treat it as the identical framework now called ADCES7.
How Healthy Coping Anchors the Framework
Contemporary presentations of the ADCES7 place Healthy Coping at the center of the model, reflecting the recognition that sustainable engagement with all six other behaviors — eating well, staying active, taking medication correctly, monitoring consistently, reducing risk, and solving problems — depends on a person's emotional and psychological capacity to cope with a chronic, self-managed condition. A person experiencing acute diabetes distress or depression will struggle to sustain the other six behaviors even with strong technical knowledge, which is why Healthy Coping assessment and support appear early and repeatedly across Domain I and Domain II content.
Applying the ADCES7 Across the Care Process
The ADCES7 is designed to be used at every stage of the care and education process, not only during initial teaching:
Assessment (Domain I): identify which of the seven behaviors the person is already managing well and which need support. For example, a person who checks glucose reliably but has never received structured carbohydrate-counting education has a Healthy Eating gap, not a Monitoring gap.
Individualized Education Plan (Domain II.B): SMART goals are typically written behavior by behavior — increasing Being Active to 150 minutes per week is a different goal, with different teaching content, than simplifying an insulin regimen to improve Taking Medication adherence.
Intervention (Domain II.C): teaching content, tools, and technology are behavior-specific — carbohydrate-counting apps support Healthy Eating, CGM data review supports Monitoring, and pillboxes or simplified regimens support Taking Medication.
Evaluation (Domain II.D): outcomes are reassessed behavior by behavior to determine whether the plan needs revision.
This assess-plan-intervene-evaluate sequence previews how Domains I, II.B, II.C, and II.D relate to one another across the whole exam blueprint, and it recurs throughout this guide.
The ADCES7 and the Standards Domain
The ADCES7 framework also connects to Domain III (Standards and Practices), covered in Chapter 14. The National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (NSDSMES) explicitly call for individualized, person-centered education that addresses self-care behaviors, and accredited DSMES programs are expected to document care using a recognized behavior framework. In practice, ADCES7 is the framework most programs use to meet that documentation expectation, which is why understanding the framework supports both Domain II.C content questions and Domain III standards-and-practices questions.
How This Study Guide Uses the ADCES7
Later chapters map explicitly back to these seven behaviors: Chapter 6 (Medical Nutrition Therapy) is Healthy Eating; Chapter 7 (Physical Activity) is Being Active; Chapter 8 (Pharmacology and Medication Management) is Taking Medication; Chapter 9 (Monitoring and Interpretation) is Monitoring; Chapters 10 and 11 (Acute and Chronic Complications) are Reducing Risk; and Chapter 12 (Problem-Solving and Living with Diabetes) covers both Problem Solving and Healthy Coping in depth. Keeping this seven-behavior map in mind while moving through the guide will help you organize new information the same way the exam blueprint does, and will help you quickly identify which self-care behavior any exam scenario is really testing even when the question stem does not name it directly.