KROK 2 Pediatrics

Practice session

A preterm male infant born at 30 weeks of gestation (birth weight 1,350 g) develops rapid, shallow breathing, expiratory grunting, prominent intercostal and subcostal retractions, and nasal flaring within 30 minutes after delivery. Room-air pulse oximetry shows an oxygen saturation of 78%. A chest radiograph demonstrates diffuse reticulogranular 'ground-glass' opacities with prominent air bronchograms and reduced lung volume. What is the fundamental pathophysiology and the most appropriate definitive therapy for this condition?

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